The Hidden Mystery:

The Myth of the Extermination of the Jews

Part 2

by Carlo Mattogno

The Journal of Historical Review

Summer 1988


1. Birth and Development of Revisionism

National Socialist policy in the matter of Jewish emigration, pursued officially until the beginning of February 1942, thus posed a question that really was throbbing, to use again the adjective employed by Poliakov.

If it was true that exterminating the Jews conformed to the fundamental objective of National Socialism [1]; if it was true that it was not the coming to a head of an unforeseeable explosion of violence, or of a betrayal of trust by subordinates, but the fruit of an ideology of death and of an organic design [2]; if it was true that according to Hitler, among the ends that had to be achieved thanks to the war, the general extermination of the Jews had a very important place, to the realization of which the German government would devote a large part of its forces, [3] for what mysterious reason did Adolf Hitler deprive himself of at least a million victims by allowing them to emigrate?

It was thus inevitable that so atrocious an accusation, based essentially on third and fourth hand accounts, on the game of psychological deductions, knowing that all these could offer was fragile and speculative, and on fragmentary and sometimes hypothetical answers, be placed in doubt.

In the immediate post-war period and in the following years severe criticisms were formulated in regard to the trials of those who were called Nazi war criminals -- in particular, the Nuremberg trials [4] - and concerning the behavior of the Allies during the war. [5]

The first to raise doubt about the reality of the extermination of the Jews was the Frenchman, Paul Rassinier, [6] who is justly considered to be the precursor of present-day Revisionism. His work was taken up and carried on by other researchers who have produced a rich Revisionist literature, the most important works of which are:

In 1979, at Northrup University in Los Angeles, the first Revisionist Conference was held, organized by the Institute for Historical Review, which, since spring 1980, has published the important quarterly The Journal of Historical Review with the collaboration of the most significant Revisionist historians around the World. This has contributed further to making Historical Revisionism an irrefutable reality, and an unstoppable intellectual movement. Indeed the Revisionist theses are attracting ever more defenders.

Since 1980, and up to the present, several works have been published, notably in France, in the wake of the Faurisson affair. Besides numerous articles appearing in The Journal of Historical Review, we draw attention to:

In January 1985 the first number of the Spanish Revisionist review, Revision, was published in Alicante.

Since the spring of 1987 the important review Annales d'histoire révisionniste has been published in France.

We call attention also to the Revisionist journal Taboe. Revisionistisch tijdschrift voor kritisch en wetenschappelijk onderzoek (Tabu, Revisionist periodical for critical and scientific research), Antwerp, Belgium.

Lastly, may we be permitted to mention our own studies, published by Sentinella d'Italia, Monfalcone:

Further:

This vast literature is of unequal value and ranges from superficial and often inexact declarations -- rightly criticized by the Exterminationist historians, as Revisionists call those who maintain the reality of the Extermination of the Jews -- to methodical and profound research.

This literature has aroused reactions of diverse types. [11]

On the literary plane, a number of highly passionate writings seek to discredit the Revisionists, be it by personal defamation, be it by distorting their theses in order to hold them up to ridicule, be it by trying to make Revisionism appear as an integral part of an international neo-Nazi movement, that is to say, of a resurgence of Nazi anti-Semitism, as is implied expressly by Robert Kempner. [12]

This attempt appears clearly in the titles that occur most frequently in this literature:

Among the most virulent articles, we point out:

Stefano Levi delta Torre dedicated a paragraph to Revisionism in the article New Forms of Jew-phobia that is included in the section Anti-Semitism Today. [17]

In reality, the accusation is baseless, and is clearly intended as propaganda. The credentials of the man who is considered to be the founder of Revisionism, Paul Rassinier, leave no doubt in that regard: socialist, resistant, arrested by the Gestapo in October 1943, tortured for eleven days, deported to Buchenwald, then to Dora, in which camps he spent 19 months, 95 per cent invalided as a result of his deportation, bearer of the Vermilion Medal of French Gratitude (Médaille Vermeil de la Reáonnaissance Française) and of the Rosette de la Résistance. In France, the legacy of Rassinier has been assumed by elements of the Left, beginning with the group that manages the publishing house La Vieille Taupe (The Old Mole). [18]

Other Exterminationist writers, while displaying all the emotion invariably engendered by an expression of doubt in regard to the extermination of the Jews, try to place themselves on the plane of objective criticism. Among the most significant, we call attention to:

Some attempts to affirm the Exterminationist truth have had the opposite effect. Particularly interesting in this respect are:

But the reactions of the opponents of Revisionism are not restricted to the literary plane. The lawsuits brought against Revisionists -- to the end of obtaining official condemnation by the courts of the adversary theses -- attest to the inability of the official historians to refute the Revisionist arguments seriously and convincingly.

Certain affairs. such as those of Christophersen, of Faurisson. and of Felderer have become unhappily celebrated. [20]

Of doleful renown, too, is the Bundesprüfstelle für jugendgefährdende Schriften, a national agency for the examination and censoring of texts held to put youth in jeopardy in the Federal Republic of Germany, a simple method for the exercise of legal control over Revisionist literature, whose works are put on this index regularly! (Index für jugendgefährdende Schriften). [21]

The case of Dr. Wilhelm Stäglich attests to the blind intolerance practiced against those who, relying on sober documentation, deny the extermination of the Jews. In November 1982, the Council of Deans of the Georg-August University of Göttingen, where he had obtained his Doctorate in Law in 1951, proceeded to revoke his doctor's title for having written the excellent Der Auschwitz Mythos which, in the opinion of this not exactly objective Council, made Wilhelm Stäglich unworthy of the title of Doctor. [22]

Recently, Henri Roques -- the case is unique in French university history -- has seen the confirmation of his doctoral thesis on the confessions of Kurt Gerstein, [23] which unleashed an entire polemic [24] but remains unchallenged by any serious refutation, annulled because of presumed administrative irregularities. [25]

2. Revisionist Criticism

It would be difficult to summarize the results of Revisionist criticism in a few pages. Besides, we are concerned here not so much with presenting the results of Revisionist research than Revisionism's reason for being, and its methodology, and that is why we devote this chapter to explaining the reasons why, in our opinion, it is necessary to doubt the reality of the extermination of the Jews.

At the time of the Nuremberg trial, the English public prosecutor, Sir Hartley Shawcross, in his speech for the prosecution of 26 July 1946, accused the Germans of having killed more than six million Jews in the gas chambers and ovens of Auschwitz, Dachau, Treblinka, Buchenwald, Mauthausen, and Oranienburg. [26]

Each one of these gas chambers, naturally, had its eye-witnesses.

Abbé Georges Hénocque described that of Buchenwald as follows:

I felt reassured and, opening the iron door, I found myself in the famous gas chamber.

The room could have been about five meters square, with a height of three and a half meters. Seventeen sprinkler heads fastened and placed at regular intervals in the ceiling. Looking at them revealed nothing of their murderous function. They resembled harmless water dispensers. The deportees employed in the crematorium forewarned me: in a touch of irony, each victim, on entering this room, was given a towel, and a minuscule bit of soap. These unfortunates believed they were going into the shower. Then the heavy iron door, bordered with a kind of rubber seal a half-centimeter thick, designed to prevent the entry of the least bit of air, was closed on them.

On the inside, the walls were smooth, without fissures, as though varnished. On the outside, one noticed, on the side of the door lintel, four buttons, placed one under the other; one red, one yellow, one green, one white.

Yet, one detail worried me: I could not understand how the gas could descend from the sprinkler outlets to the floor. The room in which I found myself was skirted by a corridor. I went into it and there I saw an enormous pipe that my two arms could not encompass completely, which was covered with rubber to a thickness of about one centimeter.

On the side, a handle that one turned from left to right released the gas. Under strong pressure, it descended to the floor, so that none of the victims could escape what the Germans called "the slow and sweet death."

Below the spot where the pipe formed an elbow to enter the asphyxiation chamber, there were the same buttons as on the outside door red, green, yellow, and white, which served evidently to measure the descent of the gas. Everything was really put together and organized scientifically. The evil genius could not have done better. I went back into the gas chamber to try to find the crematory room. [27]

SS-Obersturmbannführer Kaindl, former commandant of the Oranienburg-Sachsenhausen camp, declared before a Soviet military tribunal:

Toward mid-March 1943, I installed a gas chamber as a means for mass extermination.

Public Prosecutor: On your own initiative?

Kaindl: Partly, yes, the existing installations no longer sufficed for the projected extermination. I held a conference in which the head doctor, Baumkötter, took part. He told me that the use of a poison gas, such as prussic acid, in rooms prepared for that purpose produced instant death.

That is why I considered the installation of gas chambers to be in order, and also because it was more humane, for mass killings. [28]

On the subject of the Dachau camp, Dr. Franz Blaha, in a sworn statement, affirmed:

There were numerous executions by gas, executions by firearms, and by injections, in the camp. The gas chamber was finished in 1944, and I called Dr. Rascher to examine the first victim. Of the eight or nine persons in the chamber, three were still alive; the others seemed to be dead. Their eyes were red and their faces bloated. Numerous detainees were subsequently killed in the same manner. [29]

On 19 August 1960, the German newspaper Die Zeit, under the headline No Gassings in Dachau, published a letter by Dr. Martin Broszat of the Institute for Contemporary History in Munich, in which he declared:

Neither at Dachau, nor at Bergen-Belsen, nor at Buchenwald, were Jews or other detainees gassed. The gas chamber at Dachau was never completely finished, nor put into service.

And further:

The mass extermination of Jews by gassing began in 1941-1942, and took place exclusively in a few locations chosen for that purpose and provided with corresponding technical installations, above all in the occupied Polish territories (but nowhere in the Old Reich): at Auschwitz-Birkenau, at Sobibor on the Bug, at Treblinka, Chelmno, and Belzec. [30]

The reservations expressed in this letter were made explicit by Dr. Broszat in the Preliminary Note to the article by Ino Arndt and Wolfgang Scheffler in Organisierter Massenmord an Juden in national-sozialistischen Vernichtungslagern (Organized Mass Murder of Jews in National Socialist Extermination Camps):

As we have pointed out already, the extermination of Jews in the institutional sense (accomplishment of the program of the final solution) by means of gassing installations took place exclusively in the aforementioned camps in the occupied Polish territories. [31] In turn, in the concentration camps generally, there were indeed crematories (for the cremation of the detainees who died en masse or were killed during the war) but no gassing installations. However, where that was the case [the alleged presence of gas chambers] (Ravensbrück, Natzweiler, Mauthausen) they did not serve for the extermination of Jews in the sense of the final solution program. They served rather to ease the work of the execution commandos, which until now consisted in shooting the detainees, killing them by injections of phenol, and by other methods. [32]

Simon Wiesenthal confirms that there were no extermination camps on German soil. [33]

In conclusion, neither at Buchenwald, nor at Oranienburg-Sachsenhausen, were there gas chambers, while the alleged gas chamber at Dachau was never used, [34] as can be read also in the official publication on this camp:

The gas chamber at Dachau was never put into service. Only the dead were put into the crematory for cremation, never any living being for gassing. [35]

Or further:

As we have said already, Dachau in the last year had its own gas chamber. But its showers were never used. [36]

Consequently, the eyewitness testimonies of those who pretended to have seen gas chambers in these camps, or to have taken part in the gassings there, are false.

That state of affairs should have moved any serious historian to undertake a critical review of all sources concerning the extermination of the Jews, but nothing of the kind happened. [37]

The question that Robert Faurisson asks is more than legitimate:

Why are the proofs, the certainties, and testimonies gathered about the camps that, geographically, are close to us, suddenly without value, while the proofs, certainties, and the testimonies collected about the camps in Poland remain true? [38]

The question appears yet more legitimate when one considers what Gerald Reitlinger, who is an Exterminationist, writes about the evidence relating to the Polish extermination camps:

The greater part of the documentation on the death camps in Poland, for example, has been gathered by commissions inquiry of the Polish government, and by the Central Commission for Jewish History in Poland, by interrogating the physically able survivors who rarely were educated men.

Moreover, the Eastern European Jew is by nature a rhetorician, he loves to express himself in florid comparisons. While one witness declared that the victims coming from the far west arrived at the death camp in sleeping cars, he probably wanted to say they came in passenger coaches, not in cattle cars. At times their imagination went beyond all credibility, as when the food smugglers of the ghetto were described as men of gigantic stature, with pockets that went from the neck to the ankles. Even readers who do not suffer from racial prejudices may find it a bit too thick to be able to digest the details of the monstrous assassinations and are led to cry credat Judaeus Apella [Translator's note: Let the Jew Apella believe it,] and to relegate these recitals among the fables. Basically, the readers have the right to think that it is a case of Oriental witnesses, for whom numbers are nothing but rhetorical elements. Even their names, Sunschein, Zylberdukaten, (silver ducats), Rothbalsam (red balsam), Salamander -- seem drawn from the imagination. [39]

In regard to the working method of the inquiry commissions and to the Testimonies" they gathered, Reitlinger states explicitly:

One cannot but agree with R.T. Paget, K.C., member of the House of Commons, when he says that the researches undertaken by the Polish Government commission after the war are of mediocre probatory value. They consist, in effect, essentially of detached descriptions, by isolated persons, very rarely confirmed by other sources. [40]

The proof of the existence of the gas chambers in the so-called extermination camps in the East thus consist almost exclusively of extremely suspect eyewitness testimonies whose truthfulness is upheld a priori by the historians who maintain the reality of the extermination of the Jews, and the intentional lack of critical spirit is the essential characteristic of their historiographic method.

The analysis of such proofs and their mutual contradictions, however, should lead Exterminationist historians to employ greater prudence.

The study of the genesis of the myth of the extermination of the Jews, at Treblinka, at Sobibor, and at Belzec, for example, is very revealing in this regard. One of the first eyewitness testimonies about Treblinka -- the report sent 15 November 1942 by the clandestine organization of the Warsaw ghetto to the Polish government-in-exile in London -- describes the "extermination" of the Jews in the camp as being carried out by water vapor (steam)!

In March 1942 -- this report reads -- the Germans began the construction of the new camp of Treblinka B -- on the edge of Treblinka A -- which was finished at the end of April 1942. Toward the first half of September it comprised two death houses. The house of death No. 2 was of masonry, about 40 meters long and 15 meters wide. According to the story of one eyewitness, it contained ten rooms arranged along the two sides of a corridor that traversed the whole building. Pipes through which the steam passed were installed in these rooms. The house of death No. 1 consisted of three rooms and one boiler. The report continues:

Inside the furnace-room is a large boiler for the production of steam, and with the help of pipes that run through the death rooms, which are provided with an appropriate number of holes, the superheated steam is injected into the interior of the rooms.

The victims were put into the rooms mentioned above, and killed by the steam:

In that manner the execution rooms are filled completely, then the doors are closed hermetically, and the long asphyxiation of the victims, by the steam coming out of the numerous holes in the pipes, begins. At the start, screams come from inside; they die down slowly, after 15 minutes the execution is completed. [41]

This story was taken up and raised to the rank of official truth by the Central Commission for Investigation of German crimes in Poland, which accused the former governor, Hans Frank, of having ordered the installation of an extermination camp at Treblinka for the massive elimination of the Jews in steam-filled rooms. [42]

The myth of the carbon monoxide gas chambers [43] was later imposed and still constitutes the official truth in regard to the three extermination camps of the East.

What happened is simple: the steam chambers of the 15 November 1942 report were simply turned into gas chambers!

Thus the eyewitness Yankel Wiernik wrote that at Treblinka Jews were killed in two buildings, one large, with ten gas chambers, the other small, with three gas chambers, [44] exactly as in the two death houses with ten and three steam rooms of the report cited above. The very arrangement of the rooms in the new buildings is drawn entirely from the report of 15 November 1942: ten chambers arranged along the two sides of a corridor that traversed the whole building. [45]

That this eyewitness may be little worthy of credence can already be deduced from what he affirms: in each gas chamber, measuring about 150 square feet (i.e., about 14 square meters), about 1,000 to 1,200 persons were packed, [46] i.e., to a density of 71 to 85 persons per square meter!

We are, then, in the presence of one of those eyewitnesses for whom, as Gerald Reitlinger, put it, numbers are merely rhetorical devices.

In 1946 the gas chambers of Sobibor were described thus:

At first glance, one had the impression of entering a bathroom like any other faucets for hot and cold water, wash basins ... once everyone had entered, the doors close heavily. A black heavy substance issues in spirals from the holes made in the ceiling. One hears horrible shrieks that, however, do not last long, as they are transformed into smothered and suffocated breathing, then into final convulsions. It is related that mothers covered their babies' corpses with their bodies.

The warden of the bathroom observed the whole train of events through a hole in the ceiling. Everything is over in a quarter of an hour. The floor opens, and the cadavers fall into carts waiting below which, when they are full, quickly depart. All is organized according to the most modern German technology. Outside, the bodies are laid out in a certain order and sprayed with gasoline, then set on fire. [47]

The eyewitness Zelda Metz furnished the following description:

Thereupon they went into the barracks where they cut the women's hair, then into the bathroom, that is to say, the gas chamber. They were asphyxiated by chlorine. After 15 minutes they were all asphyxiated. Through a skylight it was verified that all were dead. Then the floor opened automatically. The cadavers fell into a railroad car that ran through the gas chamber and carried the cadavers to the ovens. [48]

But, from 1947 the Central Commission for the Investigation of German Crimes in Poland opted for murder by combustion gas produced by motors: in the ceiling were openings connected by pipes with openings situated in adjoining buildings, which produced the CO gas with which the victims were suffocated, [49] thus recognizing that the testimonies mentioned above were false. But that did not keep Zelda Metz from presenting herself as a prosecution witness at the trial of the former Sobibor guards Hubert Gomerski and Johan Klier [50] on 23 August 1950, in the course of which the public prosecutor declared specifically that executions by motor-exhaust gas had taken place. [51]

The eyewitness testimonies about Belzec are even more instructive.

The first myth about the extermination of the Jews was born 8 April 1942, only three weeks after the opening of the camp: The victims were assembled in a shack that had a metallic plate as its floor through which was passed an electric current that killed the Jews instantly. [52]

A similar story appeared in the Kronika oswiecimska nieznanego autora (Auschwitz Chronicle by an Unknown Author) that was supposed to have been dug up on the grounds of the old Auschwitz camp: At Belzec the Jews were electrocuted. [53]

A report dated 10 July 1942 arrived in London in November of that year. [54] Published December 1st in the Polish Fortnightly Review, it describes the extermination of the Jews at Belzec in this way:

After unloading, the men go to a barracks on the right, the women to a barracks situated on the left, where they strip, ostensibly in readiness for a bath. After they have undressed both groups go to a third barracks where there is an electrified plate, where the executions are carried out. [55]

A variant of the myth substitutes water for the metallic plate: The Jews were killed by passing an electric current through the water in which they were immersed. [56]

The version of execution on a metallic plate reappeared in a report of November 1942:

The victims are ordered to strip naked -- to have a bath, ostensibly -- and are then led to a barrack with a metal plate for flooring. The door is then locked, electric current passes through the victims and their death is almost instantaneous. [57]

In the report of the Polish government in exile in London, dated 10 December 1942, one reads, among other things:

At first, the executions were carried out by means of shooting; subsequently, however, it is reported that the Germans applied new methods, such as poison gas, by means of which the Jewish population was exterminated in Chelm, or electrocution, for which a camp was organized in Belzec, where, in the course of March and April 1942, the Jews from the provinces of Lublin, Lwow and Kielce to the number of tens of thousands were exterminated. [58]

The story was repeated 19 December 1942 in a declaration by the Inter-Allied Information Committee:

Actual data concerning the fate of the deportees is not at hand, but the news is available -- irrefutable news -- that places of execution have been organized at Chelm and Belzec, where those who survive shootings are murdered en masse by means of electrocution and lethal gas. [59]

A report 1 November 1943 thus described the Hell of Belzec:

The Jews who were sent to Belzec were ordered to undress as though to take a bath. They were in fact led into a bathing facility that could hold several hundred people. But there they were killed en masse by electric current. [60]

In 1944 the myth was enriched: a new version bringing together the metallic plate and the water themes was elaborated. On 12 February 1944 the New York Times published the following recital of a young Polish Jew on the extermination factory at Beljec (the New York Times' spelling):

The Jews were forced naked on to a metallic platform operated like a hydraulic elevator, which lowered them into a huge vat filled with water to the victims' necks, he declared. They were electrocuted by current through the water. The elevator then lifted the bodies to a crematorium above, the youth said. The source of this narrative is individuals who escaped after actually being taken inside the factory. [61]

It came, therefore, from eyewitnesses.

This new form of the myth was taken up in 1945 by Stefan Szende. The transports of Jews entered by a tunnel into the underground spaces of the execution place. The extermination technique described by Szende is lifted, at the least, from science fiction.

When trainloads of naked Jews arrived they were herded into a great hall capable of holding several thousand people. This hall has no windows and its flooring was of metal. Once the Jews were all inside, the floor of this hall sank like a lift into a great tank of water which lay below it until the Jews were up to their waists in water. Then a powerful electric current was sent into the metal flooring and within a few seconds all the Jews, thousands at a time, were dead.

The metal flooring then rose again and the water drained away. The corpses of the slaughtered Jews were now heaped all over the floor. A different current was then switched on and the metal flooring rapidly became red hot, so that the corpses were incinerated as in a crematorium and only ash was left.

The floor was then tipped up and the ashes slid out into prepared receptacles. The smoke of the process was carried away by great factory chimneys. That was the whole procedure. [62]

Another version of the myth mentions an electric oven (!) as the instrument of execution:

Then they went into a third barrack that held an electric oven. It is in that barrack that the executions took place. [63]

In 1945 the first version of the myth was raised to the rank of official truth as far as the Belzec extermination camp was concerned. It was accepted in the report of the Polish government and read by the Soviet representative of the prosecution, L.N. Smirnov, at the 19 December 1945 hearing of the Nuremberg trial:

In the same report, in the last chapter, on page 136 of the book of documents we find a declaration on the fact that the camp at Beldjitze [64] was constructed in 1940; however, the special electrical equipment for mass extermination of people was installed in 1942. Under the pretext of having them take a bath the people were constrained to undress completely, and pushed into a building the floor of which was electrified; there they were killed. [65]

The myth of the extermination of Jews at Belzec by electricity was not the only one [regarding Belzec] to circulate in the course of the Second World War.

The eyewitness Jan Karski, who claims to have visited this camp in the uniform of the Estonian Guard, describes a somewhat singular extermination procedure:

The Jews were loaded in boxcars the floors of which were covered with quicklime. When the loading was complete, the train departed for an uninhabited area 80 miles from Belzec, where it remained unopened until all the Jews were dead through the corrosive action of the lime and suffocation. [66]

Despite the detailed eyewitness testimonies to which we are referred, the myth of the carbon monoxide gas chamber has also been imposed definitively as official truth about Belzec. This myth, which has received the official sanction of the Commission for the Investigation of German Crimes in Poland [67] appeared suddenly in 1946, in the collection Dokumenty i Materialy. [68]

The new version is based on the eyewitness testimony of Rudolf Reder, [69] testimony that is in large part a plagiarism of the famous Gerstein Report. [70]

The eyewitness testimony of Kurt Gerstein, SS-Obersturmführer, on the extermination camp of Belzec is a typical instance of the absence of a critical spirit, and of the bad faith of official historians when they choose their evidence.

In our study The Gerstein Report: Anatomy of a Fraud, we pointed out 103 absurdities, internal and external contradictions, historical falsifications, contradictions of the official historiography, hyperbolic exaggerations, and improbabilities, so that one cannot accord the least credibility to this eyewitness testimony.

But that does not trouble in any way the official historians, who declared almost unanimously:

The veracity of the Gerstein Report is in no doubt today. [71]

The objective plausibility of all the essential details of the report is not in question. [72]

The official historians justify the false testimonies -- that they themselves recognize as such -- about Treblinka, Sobibor, and Belzec, in maintaining that during the war there was precise knowledge only of the existence of extermination, but not of its concrete modalities and techniques. Pierre Vidal-Naquet writes on this subject:

In the flood of information that came out of the occupied territories, there was the true, the less true, and the false. Of the general sense of what was happening, there was no doubt. In regard to the methods, there was often cause to hesitate between the one and the other.

He admits also that there were fantasies and myths but declares that these did not exist by themselves, but rather as a shadow cast by reality, as an extension of reality. [73]

This argumentation is an excellent application of the methodological principle the conclusion precedes the proofs, which Pierre Vidal-Naquet attributes to the Revisionist historians. [74]

Indeed we encounter again, mutatis mutandis, Robert Faurisson's question as to why the eyewitness testimonies to the steam rooms of Treblinka, to the chlorine gas, and to the cellars of Sobibor, and to the extermination of the Jews by electricity or by death-trains at Belzec, suddenly are held to be false, while the eyewitness testimonies to the gas chambers are considered true?

It is important to emphasize that we are dealing here with eyewitness testimonies strictly equivalent in their credibility (or, more exactly, in their incredibility) and completely contradictory as to their content, so that it is only when the existence of the gas chambers is postulated a priori -- the conclusion precedes the proof -- that one can speak of fantasies and myths that are like a shadow cast by reality.

For the rest, to touch again on the measure of that reality, it is enough to study the genesis of the myth of the gas chambers of Auschwitz.

That myth was imposed very late in the day, and that is surprising, since the largest of all the places of execution, the death-factory of Auschwitz-Birkenau, succeeded in keeping its secret until the summer of 1944. [75]

The reports of the Slovakian Jews (Alfred Wetzler and Rudolf Vrba) who escaped from Auschwitz 7 April [76] circulated in July 1944, reports that were published in the United States by the War Refugee Board in November of the same year, with two other reports, [77] one by two Jews who escaped from Auschwitz on 27 May (Czeslaw Mordowicz and Arnost Rosin), the other by a Polish commander who is not otherwise identified.

The most important of these so-called official reports of Auschwitz, that of Alfred Wetzler, is visibly false: this one presents a plan and a description of Crematoria I and II (II and III, according to the official numerical designation) that are in fact completely invented, as is seen by a simple comparison with the original plan. He states that in the oven room there were nine ovens, each with four openings placed around a high smokestack, which also is false in regard to the number as well as to the arrangement of the ovens; since in Crematoria II and III there were in fact five ovens each, having three openings, arranged lengthwise, one beside the other. [78]

The gas chamber, according to Wetzler, was on the surface, since Wetzler tells us that the SS whose job it was to introduce the gas, clamber onto the roof, which, too, is wholly false, as the mortuary chamber I, the so-called gas chamber was, in fact, underground. [79]

Besides, again according to Wetzler, a track led from the 'gas chamber' to the oven room, [80] which also is false, in view of the fact that the oven room was on the ground level. [81]

But none of this hinders the official historians in presenting this report as though it were true. The case of Georges Wellers is typical, since he uses, stupidly, Alfred Wetzler's false description in two works in which the correct original plan of Crematorium II in Birkenau is reproduced. [82] But that is not all. He tries painfully to minimize the very grave contradictions in the eyewitness report of Alfred Wetzler, writing:

That some witnesses have committed errors of detail in their various descriptions is understandable. It is thus that Wetzler speaks of three openings in the ceiling of the gas chamber; in fact it had four. [83]

And that is all. It can thus be deduced that certain Exterminationist historians are not guilty of an excess of zeal in their reading of the texts.

Before receiving its official codification in the "confessions" of Rudolf Höss, the myth of the gas chambers at Auschwitz had known other vicissitudes as to the locale, the technique, and the period of the extermination.

At the Nuremberg trial, in the course of the hearing on 8 August 1946, Sturmbannführer Georg Konrad Morgen described, in abundant detail, the installations of the 'extermination camp' of Monowitz:

Then the trucks left. They did not go to the Auschwitz concentration camp, but in another direction, to the Monowitz extermination camp, which was some kilometers distant. This extermination camp consisted of a series of crematoria not recognizable as such from the outside. They could be mistaken for large bath installations. Even the detainees knew it. These crematoria were surrounded by barbed wire and were tended on the inside by the Jewish working groups already mentioned.

And further:

The Monowitz extermination camp was set apart from the concentration camp. It was situated in a vast industrial zone and was not recognizable as such Chimneys smoked all across the horizon. The camp itself was guarded on the outside by a detachment of Balts, Estonians, Lithuanians, and by Ukrainians. The entire procedure was almost entirely in the hands of the detainees themselves, who were supervised only from time to time by a subordinate officer (Unterführer). The execution itself was carried out by another Unterführer who released the gas into that place. [84]

In reality, Monowitz, like the thirty-nine Auschwitz subcamps, never had a gas chamber. [85]

As concerns the technique of extermination, a report dated 8 April 1943 listed the following methods of murder, in addition to gas chambers and execution by weapons.

[... ]

(b) Electric chambers: these rooms had metallic wall linings; the victims were led inside, then the hightension was switched on;

(c) the system of the so-called pneumatic hammer; this was a system of special rooms in which the hammer came down from the ceiling, and the victims were killed by means of a special installation under high pneumatic pressure. [86]

As Martin Gilbert comments, these two methods were pure fantasy. [87] On 2 February 1945 Pravda published an article on Auschwitz in which the following method of extermination was described:

The most elaborate apparatus was an electric conveyor belt on which hundreds of persons could be electrocuted simultaneously, then moved on into furnaces. [87a]

In 1945, the version of gassing by sham shower baths was affirmed by the most ingenious perjurers, who echoed this story. At the Belsen trial, Dr. Ada Bimko described the sprinklers, the two pipes, and the huge metal containers containing gas of the Birkenau gas chambers that this eyewitness professed to have visited personally. [88]

How these false witnesses imagined that the gassings had taken place can be seen clearly in the following recital by Sofia Schafranov to whom a Sonderkommando (special command) detainee is supposed to have recounted the following:

A shower bath was simulated to the victims, and although they knew beforehand what kind of shower it was, they were given towels and a bit of soap; after that they were made to undress, and were pushed into low cement rooms, hermetically sealed. From faucets set in the ceiling there came a poison gas instead of water. [89]

That story was repeated at the 1949 Degesch trial: one witness had heard talk that at Birkenau the gas was introduced by fake showers. But just as Dr. Heli, inventor of Zyklon B. as well as Dr. Ra, [90] a physician, declared that the gassing technique described by the witness was impossible, so the court rejected as false the story in question.

The court does not doubt the inexactness of the hypothesis according to which the gas was drawn from the can of Zyklon by means of a small tube and introduced into the gas chambers so that it is no longer necessary to do the experiment asked for by one of the accused. [91]

But that did not prevent Vincenzo and Luigi Pappalettera from making the following commentary -- evidently inspired by what had been maintained at Nuremberg [92] - on the photograph of the gas chamber at Mauthausen:

In the showers the prisoners were drenched, not with water, but with murderous gas that spurted from little holes. [93]

Mixing these myths with those relating to Sobibor and to Belzec, Leo Laptos, who had worked as a pharmacist in Birkenau, recounted that:

The gas chambers were equipped like bathrooms where people went under pretext of taking a shower, but instead of water, it was gas that came from the conduits, and the floor tipped so that the cadavers fell on to a conveyor belt that transported them into the crematory. [94]

No less fanciful was the recital of a female detainee at Auschwitz at the Degesch trial, according to which a gas, called rotten gas by the detainees was gathered by a rotten gas group in the swampy areas and was used at Birkenau for exterminating. [95]

Lastly, on the subject of the time-period of the extermination, Dr. Reszö Kastner reported a message from Bratislava, according to which the SS were on the point of repairing and refurbishing the gas chambers at the crematories of Auschwitz, which were out of use since autumn of 1943. [96] In a declaration made under oath in 1945, he stated precisely:

A communique stated that at Auschwitz they were working feverishly on the restoration of the gas chambers and the crematories, which had not been in use for months, [97]

while the official historiography indicated no halt in the activity of the gas chambers and the crematory ovens [98] during the period in question, which is why in the 1961 edition of the Kastner report the aforementioned passage has been suppressed. [99]

Even more instructive is the study of the development of the myth of the gas chambers at Auschwitz, the present form of which derives from the technical survey of the extermination camp made by the Soviets in February-March 1945.

The Extraordinary Commission of Inquiry into German Crimes at Auschwitz established that more than four million persons were murdered in this camp, [100] a number that makes one laugh, according to Reitlinger. [101] The fashion in which the Soviet Commission arrived at that figure makes one laugh even more! It declares:

In Crematorium No. I, which existed for 24 months, one could burn 9,000 cadavers per month, which give a total of 216,000 for the whole duration of its existence. The numbers corresponding to the other crematoria are:

The total capacity of the five crematoria was 279,000 cadavers per month, for a total of 5,121,000 cadavers for the whole duration of their existence. Given, on the one hand, that the Germans burned a great number of cadavers on wood pyres, and, on the other, that the crematoria did not always work at full capacity, the Soviet technical commission established at just four million the number of the murdered! [102]

This calculation is false, if only for the reason that the maximum capacity of 270,000 cremations per month for the four Birkenau crematoria, or 9,000 per day, is about nine times greater than the actual capacity! [103] The Soviet technical commission, moreover, established that in the gas chambers of Auschwitz the gas Zyklon A had been employed, although this had not been used since the 1920s. [104]

The case of Katyn shows clearly the value that can be given the conclusions of the various Soviet Commissions of Inquiry: the Soviet commission that investigated the Katyn massacre -- committed by the Russians, as everyone knows -- established on the basis of more than a hundred witnesses, medico-legal surveys, and documents and elements of proof, that those responsible for the butchery were the Germans. [105]

The Commission for Investigation of German Crimes in Poland established at first, as we have shown, that the Jews in Treblinka were killed in steam chambers, and in Belzec by electricity; then it established that they were poisoned by carbon monoxide gas in gas chambers -- which is amply sufficient to demonstrate the reliability of that commission.

In regard to the Auschwitz camp, it established the incineration capacity of the four Birkenau crematoria as 12,000 cadavers in 24 hours. [106] That is impossible.

Jan Sehn, examining magistrate and member of the General Commission of Inquiry into the Hitlerian Crimes in Poland, reduces that to 8,000. [107] That figure has been taken up by a 1979 publication of the Auschwitz Museum, [108] even though a 1961 publication of the same museum alludes to a German document that would make 4,416 cadavers appear to be a maximum capacity. [109]

Topping off the speculation about the numbers, Jan Sehn does not fear to assert:

The very detailed documents gathered by the Extraordinary Soviet State Commission, as well as by the General Commission of Inquiry into Hitlerian Crimes in Poland, prove that the Outputs of the Birkenau gas chambers was close to 60,000 persons in 24 hours. [110]

Eugen Kogon more modestly contents himself with a maximum daily production of 34,000. [111]

Beginning in 1945, there is a proliferation of eyewitnesses to the gas chambers of Auschwitz; what Georges Wellers calls an abundance of proofs. [112]

Let us examine briefly the value of these proofs. In regard to the activity of the crematoria at Birkenau -- five, according to Ada Bimko, [113] six, according to Robert Lévy, [114] eight, according to Marie-Claude Vaillant-Couturier [115] -- here is what appears in the notes Rudolf Höss is supposed to have set down in Cracow:

After a very short time, Crematorium III (IV) was out of commission and it never was used again. [116]

Pery Broad stated exactly the contrary:

The four crematoria worked at full steam. But soon, after continuous overloading, the ovens broke down, and only Crematorium III (IV) continued to smoke. [117]

Dov Paisikovic, who affirmed he was a member of the Sonderkommando from May 1944 until the evacuation in January 1945 contradicts them both:

The crematories were so solidly constructed that throughout this whole time I had no knowledge of any failure either of the ovens or of the crematories as a whole. [118]

These eyewitnesses, in turn, are contradicted by the Polish Commission for the Investigation of German Crimes in Poland, which declared that in August 1944:

The crematoria were closed, and thenceforward the corpses were burnt only in pits. [119]

Contradicting all these testimonies, the Kalendarium der Ereignisse im Konzentrationslager Auschwitz-Birkenau (Chronicle of Events in the Auschwitz-Birkenau Concentration Camp) does not show the least mishap in the functioning of the four crematories in Birkenau until 7 October 1944 when, because of the revolt of the Sonderkommando, Crematorium IV was burned. [120]

In regard to the Crematoria II and III at Birkenau, Alfred Wetzler declares they had 36 ovens which each could take three normal corpses at once, which took an hour and a half to be "completely burned." That represented "a daily capacity of about 2,000 bodies" for each crematorium. [121]

For Dov Paisikovic the ovens were 15 in number and the cadavers took about four minutes [!] to be consumed, so that there was a cremation capacity of 6,000 cadavers in 24 hours. [122]

Miklos Nyiszli affirms that the cadavers were put by threes into each of the 15 ovens and cremated in twenty minutes which meant several thousand people could be cremated in a single day. [123]

Dr. Bendel maintains there were 16 ovens, but with a cremation capacity of about two thousand cadavers in 24 hours. [124]

Rudolf Höss was initially made to confess that the crematories in question had 10 ovens that could incinerate 4,000 cadavers in 24 hours. [125]

The gas chambers of Crematoria II and III -- which Alfred Wetzler places on the ground level, the others underground -- were 10 meters long for Dr. Bendel, [126] and 200 meters long for Nyiszli. [127]

As to the number of Auschwitz victims proffered by the diverse witnesses, Georges Wellers writes that they vary between 8 million and 11/2 million, i.e., in the proportion of 5.3 to 1. [128]

As will already have been seen in this necessary summary examination, there is well and truly an abundance of proofs, but it turns out that these proofs are false and contradictory.

There are also objective proofs that are no less embarrassing to the official historiography.

The Auschwitz Protocols (see above) reached the War Refugee Board in June 1944. [129]

Since 4 April, American planes had overflown and photographed Auschwitz. In the course of the mission of 26 June, the IG-Farben industrial complex, Auschwitz, and Birkenau were photographed. On the 25 August 1944 mission, photographs were taken that clearly showed the Auschwitz camp and the Birkenau Crematoria II and III.

Thus, when on 13 September 1944 the Americans staged an air raid against the IG-Farben complex, they knew the Auschwitz-Birkenau camp well;

On that occasion, two bombs fell on Birkenau, accidentally; one of them hit the railway spur that led to the crematoria. [130]

What better occasion to destroy the sadly notorious death factory of Birkenau?

Yet nothing of the kind was done. Why, then was Auschwitz not bombed? [131] The only answer to that disquieting question[s] can be the following:

Analyses of the aerial photographs of Auschwitz-Birkenau showed that this camp was not concealing any horrible "secret" and, consequently, the crematoria were judged not to be worth a single bomb.

It is not by chance that the abovementioned photographs [132] were not published until 1979 (!) with explanatory texts by the CIA ad usum Delphini. (Translator's note: in Delphic style, i.e. obscurely formulated.)

Not only did these photographs show nothing of the existence of extermination processes at Auschwitz, but they gave the lie categorically to an essential aspect, that of the cremation pits. The origin of this myth, taken up ultimately by diverse eyewitnesses, with contradictions that are not without importance, can be attributed directly to the Auschwitz Protocols.

One reads, in particular, in the report drawn up by Mordowicz and Rosin, that in May 1944, during the influx of Hungarian Jews, that the crematories could not manage the incineration of the cadavers of those who had been gassed, large pits, 30 meters long by 15 meters wide, were dug in the Birkenwald (birch forest) adjoining Birkenau (birch meadow) where the bodies were burned day and night. [133]

According to the eyewitness Miklos Nyiszli, from the two crematory pits, each 50 meters long and 6 meters wide, located in a birch forest 500-600 meters from Crematory V, there rose a thick twisting spiral of smoke that was visible from any point in the KZ and at every hour of the day and night. Nyiszli declared that by day it covered the sky above Birkenau with a thick cloud. [134]

Even more emphatically, Pery Broad asserts that:

In the environs of Birkenau there were about ten large incineration centers in which 200 to 1,000 persons at a time were burned on wood pyres. The light of these fires was still visible at a radius of at least 30 kilometers. [135]

The cremation pits, at first placed exclusively in the birch forest by the eyewitnesses," thereafter moved mysteriously into the courtyard of Crematorium V.

The Commission for the Investigation of German Crimes in Poland "established" that between May and August 1944:

Six huge pits were dug beside Crematorium V, and old pits were opened near the gas plant in the wood, and corpses burnt in them continuously. When operations were in full swing in August, 1944, the number of corpses burnt daily rose to 24,000. [136]

Pery Broad, according to whom, during that period, only Crematorium III (IV) still smoked, locates the cremation pits exactly in the rear courtyard of Crematorium IV. [137]

To sum up, between May and August 1944, Birkenau was claimed to be a fiery hell whose flames devoured up to 25,000 cadavers a day, and whose smoke covered the sky of Auschwitz-Birkenau in thick clouds.

Now, the aerial photographs of June 26th and of August 25th, 1944, reveal absolutely nothing of the presence of these enormous cremation pits; moreover, they show not the slightest trace of smoke, not from the phantom wood pyres, and not from the crematory smokestacks.

The most important source of the official truth on Auschwitz is notoriously the confessions of Rudolf Höss, the veracity of which are accepted uncritically and dogmatically by the official historians.

In his "autobiography" Höss writes of his first interrogation by the English:

At my first interrogation, evidence was obtained by beating me. I do not know what is in the record, although I signed it. Alcohol and the whip were too much for me. [138]

Martin Broszat remarks in a note:

This refers to a police report of 8 typed pages that Höss signed on 14, March 1946 at 2:30 (Nuremberg Document No. 1210). As far as the content is concerned, it does not differ notably on any point from what Höss declared or wrote at Nuremberg or at Cracow. [139]

Rudolf Höss's first confession, which served as a model for all the others, therefore, was invented by the English interrogators. To be convinced of that, without a shadow of a doubt, a quick glance of the document in question will suffice. Höss "confesses" to have been called to Berlin in June 1941 by Himmler, who let him know that the Führer had ordered the final solution of the Jewish question in Europe, that is to say, the total extermination of all the Jews in Europe, as he had been made to acknowledge in the declaration made under oath on 5 April l946. [140] This is false not only because, as we have shown, the final solution meant at that time the deportation of the Jews to Madagascar, but also contradicts chronologically a cardinal element of the official historiography, as Gerald Reitlinger revealed with great embarrassment. Reitlinger eliminated the contradiction by dating the alleged summons of Höss to Berlin, and the supposed order by the Führer, a year later. [141]

In June 1941, Höss's confession continues, there were three extermination camps in the General Government Wolzek, Belzec, and Tublinka (sic). But the first never existed, while the second, and the third (Treblinka) became operational -- according to the official historiography in March and in July 1942, respectively. [142] Höss confesses also to having visited the camp at Treblinka in the spring of 1942 and to have been present there at a gassing precedure, which is altogether impossible, since the construction of the camp began on June 1st, while the first gassing there was supposed to have been carried out on 23 July 1942. [143]

In the sworn statement of 5 April 1946 that supposed visit took place in 1941, when the Treblinka camp was not yet in existence. But this is not all. The camp commandant reported to Höss that in the course of the preceding six months he had gassed 80,000 persons, which meant that the gassings had begun in the autumn of 1941, i.e., several months before the camp had been built!

According to PS-3868, the commandant of Treblinka "had principally to occupy himself with the liquidation of all the Jews from the Warsaw ghetto"; but the deportation of these Jews to Treblinka did not begin until 22 July 1942.

The English investigators, who had a very approximate knowledge even in regard to Auschwitz, made Höss confess that the first two crematoria of Birkenau were finished in 1942, which is false, [144] each one having five double ovens, which is equally false, [145] which could incinerate 2,000 cadavers in 12 hours, just as false, [146] that the two other crematoria were finished six months later, which is false, [147] each with four ovens, which is yet again false. [148] Höss was forced to say three million persons were murdered at Auschwitz, two and half million of them in the gas chambers. [149] But in his autobiography in Cracow, Rudolf Höss confesses:

I consider in any case that the number of two and a half million is excessive. Even at Auschwitz the possibilities for extermination were limited. [150]

Subsequently, before the Polish Supreme Court, he reduced the number to 1,135,000. [151] In his sworn declaration of 5 April 1946 and of 20 May l946, [152] Höss repeats the confession of Document NO-1210 in stating that a half-million persons died of hunger and sickness, a number that surpassed greatly the number of the registered detainees. [153]

The English investigators finally shifted to May 1945 the chimerical order by Himmler, which is supposed to have ended the gassings, [154] thereby contradicting the similarly contradictory notion of the official historiography. Extradited to Poland, Rudolf Höss continued to make the same kind of confessions.

The Poles (on the basis of the documents seized at Auschwitz) revised and corrected the 14 March 1946 confession drawn up by the English interrogators, developing it into the "autobiography" proper, and into the appendix captioned Final solution ( ... ) that constitutes the official truth about Auschwitz.

It is only too easy to imagine by what means these confessions were extracted from Rudolf Höss: it is enough to recall the methods of the great Moscow trials that forced the accused to make the desired confessions.

The climate of the cold war set in; the Poles permitted Höss to describe the treatment he had suffered under bourgeous justice:

After several days, I was led to Minden-on-Weser, the British Zone interrogation center. There I suffered even more brutal treatment at the hands of the military prosecutor, an English major. The regime of the prison in which I was locked up corresponded to his attitude. After three weeks I was suddenly taken to the barber who shaved me and cut my hair. I was permitted also to wash myself; this was the first time since my arrest that my handcuffs were taken off.

From Minden, Höss was taken to Nuremberg:

The conditions of my stay were excellent in every respect. We had a large library at our disposal, and I could employ all my time in reading. But the interrogations ready were very painful. I was not tortured physically, but the moral pressure was very hard to endure. I can hold no grudge against my judges: they all were Jews. They were the kind of Jews who wanted to know everything that had torn me psychologically. They let no doubt remain about the fate that awaited us. [155]

It is easy to imagine of what the psychological pressures on Rudolf Höss consisted. Here is an example drawn from the vast repertory of the great Moscow trials:

The hostages provide the essential ingredient of the moral tortures. Here is one, for instance, very simple, and which will remain invisible to the foreign journalists admitted to the courtroom: the accused is shown a film depicting refined tortures; it is murmured to him that such will be the fate of his wife, or of his granddaughter, if ... [156]

Let us not believe that the civilized Occident has recoiled from similar methods. The American Investigation Commission, composed of Judges van Roden and Simpson, who were sent to Germany in 1948 to investigate the irregularities committed by the American Military Tribunal at Dachau -- which had tried 1,500 Germans and condemned 420 to death [157] ascertained that the accused had been subjected to physical and psychological tortures of all kinds, to force them to make the desired confessions.

Thus, in 137 of the 139 cases examined, the accused, in the course of their interrogation, had been kicked in the testicles, and left with incurable injuries. [158]

But there is no reason to be surprised by this: it is part of the logic of the trials of those who are called Nazi War Criminals. The guiding principle was set forth frankly by the U.S. Attorney General, Robert H. Jackson, at the Nuremberg trial session of 26 July 1946:

The Allies are technically still in a state of war with Germany even though the political and the military institutions of the enemy have collapsed. As a military tribunal this court represents a continuation of the war effort of the allied nations. [159]

In conclusion, to doubt the historic reality of the extermination of the Jews not only is legitimate, it is a duty, because it is a duty to seek historical truth

by submitting testimonies, documents, and data systematically to examination by critical methods that no one would dream of challenging if they were applied to no matter what other historical problem, because it is on these methods, and on nothing else, that historical research bases its scientific character. [160]

... not by accepting any document or eye witness testimony whatsoever uncritically and with preconceived notions, as the official historians do regularly.



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NOTES

[1]
Ernst Nolte, I tre volti del fascismo, Milan, 1971, p. 559.
[2]
Vittorio E. Giuntella, II nazismo e i Lager, Roma, 1980, p. 46.
[3]
Elia S. Artom, Storia d'Israele, Rome, 1965, vol. III, p. 227.
[4]
Among the most significant Revisionist works on the trials of the Nazi war criminals, let us mention:
[5]
Among the most important Revisionist works on the war crimes of the Allies:
[6]
Principle works of Paul Rassinier:
[7]
Other works up to 1979:
[8]
See on this subject Le Journal d'Anne Frank pourrait être un faux! Le Courrier des Yvelines, 9 February, 1984, p. 4. -- On sait aujourd'hui que le journal d'Anne Frank était un faux. Le beau mensonge, Spéciale dernière, 1 March 1984, p. 11.
[9]
Other writings on the Faurisson affair:
[10]
Other writings:
On the genesis and development of Revisionism see also:
[11]
On reactions in the United States: Revisionists' Reprints, Manhattan Beach, January 1985.
[12]
Nürnberg und Auschwitz-Luge, Freiheit und Recht, no. 7-8, July- August 1975, p. 15.
[13]
Martin Broszat, Zur Kritik der Publizistik des antisemitischen Rechtsextremismus, in Politik und Zeitgeschichte, supplement to the weekly Das Parlament, 8 May 1976, p. 3- 7.
[14]
Herrmann Langbein, Coup d'oeil sur la littérature néo-nazie, Le Monde Juif no. 78, April-June 1975, p. 8-20.
[15]
Georges Wellers, La Solution Finale et la Mythomanie Néo-Nazie, edited by Beate and Serge Klarsfeld, 1979.
[16]
Article by E. Kulka, Quaderni del Centro di studi sulla deportazione e l'intemamento, no. 9 (1976-1977), p. 112-124.
[17]
Stefano Levi della Torre, Nuove forme della giudeofobia (3. Revisionismo), La Rassegna mensile di Israel, July-August 1984, p. 249-280.
[18]
Aside from Le Lutteur de classe already cited, we note on this subject:
[19]
Other important writings:
[20]
Inquisitionsprozesse heute: Hexenprozess der Neuzeit, Kritik no. 22, Kritik-Verlag 1981 (Christophersen trial). On the Faurisson affair, see the works already cited. Ditlieb Felderer was arrested on 26 November 1982 and condemned in May 1983 to ten months in prison for having distributed documents inciting to hate, that is, for having denied the reality of the extermination of the Jews. (The IHR 1982 Annual Report; IHR Newsletter, May 1983, no.19; Revisionists' Reprints, no. 6, Manhattan Beach, Autumn 1983).
[21]
Udo Walendy, Der moderne Index, Historische Tatsachen no. 7, Vlotho/Weser, 1980. Udo Walendy, Strafsache wissenschaftliche Forschung, Historische Tatsachen no. 21, Vlotho/Weser, 1984. Beschlagnahmt! Eingezogen! Verboten! Bücher, die wir nicht lesen dürfen!, Kritik no. 52, Kritik-Verlag, Mohrkirch 1981.
[22]
Wilhelm Stäglich, Der Auschwitz Mythos: A Book and its Fate, The Journal of Historical Review, Spring 1984, p. 47-68.
Bulletin du "Comité contre l'application en 1983 des lois nazies de 1939 par l'Université Georg-August de Göttingen," n.d.
[23]
See L'Affaire Roques, in André Chelain, Faut-il fusiller Henri Roques?, Polémiques (Ogmios Diffusion), Paris, 1986, p. 6-16.
[24]
See L'Affaire Roques, Le Monde Juif, no. 122, April-June 1986, p. 49-79; La campagne de presse. Les principaux articles et communiques de presse de l'Affaire Roques? in André Chelain, Faut-il fusiller Henri Roques?, op. cit., p. I-XVIII.
[25]
See our article Lo scandaloso scandalo Roques, Orion, n.23,1986, p. 189-190. The only attempt at a scholarly refutation of the doctoral thesis of Henri Roques is the article already cited, by Georges Wellers, A propos d'une thèse de doctorat explosive sur le Rapport Gerstein, Le Monde Juif, No.121, January-March 1986, p.1-18. This article, with G. Wellers's most important writings on the Gerstein Report, is refuted in detail in our work (title as in text), Come si falsifica la storia: Georges Welters e le camere a gaz di Belzec (in preparation).
[26]
IMT, vol. XIX, p. 483.
[27]
Abbé G. Hénocque, Les Antres de la Bête, Paris 1947, p.115-116. Cited in: Robert Faurisson, Mémoire en defense contre ceux qui m'accusent de falsifier l'histoire, La Vieille Taupe, Paris, 1980, fascimile reproduction on p. 191-192.
[28]
Eugen Kogon, Hermann Langbein, Adalbert Rückerl et al., Les Chambres à gaz, secret d'Etat, Editions de Minuit, 1984, p. 230-231.
[29]
IMT, vol. V, p. 198 (PS-3249).
[30]
Die Zeit, no. 34, Friday 19 August 1960, p. 16.
[31]
Meant here are the camps Chelmno, Belzec, Treblinka, Majdanek, Sobibor and Auschwitz-Birkenau mentioned on page 105 (of the article referred to in the following note).
[32]
VfZ, 24th year, 1976, booklet 2, p. 109.
[33]
Books and Bookmen, London, April 1975, p. 5.
[34]
In fact, there is not the slightest evidence that the place in question ever had been or was destined to be a gas chamber. See on this subject Robert Faurisson, Mémoire en defense contre ceux qui m'accusent de falsifier l'histoire, op. cit., p. 197-220.
[35]
Wie war es im KZ Dachau? (How was it in the Dachau Concentration Camp?) Kuratorium für Sühnemal KZ Dachau, 1981, p. 16.
[36]
Idem, p. 30.
[37]
A unique exception -- but limited to the camps of the Old Reich -- is Olga Wormser-Migot who, in her analysis of the eyewitness testimonies on this subject, came to the conclusion that neither at Ravensbruck nor at Mauthausen had there ever been gas chambers, [a] thereby arousing the anger of her colleagues. [b] Supplement: Very recently Professor Michel de Böuard came to admit honestly: In the monograph of Mauthausen which I wrote for Revue d'Histoire de la Seconde Guerre mondiale in 1954, in two places I spoke of a gas chamber. Reflecting on this later I said to myself: where did I acquire the conviction that there was a gas chamber in Mauthausen? It wasn't during my stay at the camp. for neither I, nor anyone else suspected that there was one there; it was rather a rumor I heard after the war, that's granted. Then I noticed that in my text -- although I supported most of my statements with references -- there was no reference concerning the gas chamber... [c]

  1. Olga Wormser-Migot: Le Système concentrationnaire nazi 1933-1945, Universitaires de France, 1968, p. 541-544.
  2. Germaine Tillion, Ravensbruck, Paris 1973, p. 235-248.
  3. La Thèse de Nantes, inquiry by Jacques Lebailly in Ouest-France, 2-3 August 1986, p. 6.
[38]
Serge Thion, Vérité historique ou verity politique? Le dossier de l'affaire Faurisson: La question des chambres à gaz, La Vieille Taupe 1980, p. 87.
[39]
Gerald Reitlinger, La Soluzione finale: II tentativo di sterminio degli ebrei d'Europa 1939-1945, Milan, 1965, p. 651.
[40]
Idem, p. 71.
[41]
Likwidacja zydowskiej Warszawy, Treblinka, Biuletyn Zydowskiego Instytutu Historycznego, Warsaw, January-June 1951, p. 93-100. Citations: p. 95 and 99.
[42]
PS-3311. Accusation no. 6 against Hans Frank, Nuremberg 5 December 1945. An extract of this document was read during the Nuremberg trial. IMT vol. III, p. 632-633.
[43]
The American engineer Friedrich P. Berg, in an excellent technical study: The Diesel Gas Chambers: Myth Within a Myth (The Journal of Historical Review, Spring 1984), shows that a gassing by carbon monoxide produced by a diesel engine [a] couldn't be more irrational and inefficacious. While a diesel engine produces carbon monoxide at an average concentration of 0.4%, a gasoline engine normally emits 7.0% carbon monoxide and 1.0% oxygen. By adjusting the carburetor, a carbon monoxide concentration of 12% (thirty times more than that of a diesel engine!) can be attained, which is why the diesel gas chamber story is incredible on these grounds alone. (p. 38)

  1. According to official historiography, carbon monoxide for the gas chamber was produced by diesel engines.
[44]
Yankel Wiernik, A Year in Treblinka, New York 1944. Wiernik claims to have been deported to Treblinka on 24 August 1942, when the small building, with three gas chambers, already existed. The new building, with ten gas chambers, was completed in five weeks after the end of August. The Polish report on the steam chambers was received during the first half of September 1942, so that the two eyewitness testimonies concern the same period.
[45]
Idem, p. 18.
[46]
Ibidem.
[47]
Alexander Pechersky, La rivolta di Sobibor, Yiddish translation by N. Lurie, Moscow, Der Emes State Publishers, 1946. In Yuri Suhl, Ed essi si ribellarono: Storia delta resistenza ebraica contro il nazismo, Milan, 1969, p. 31.
[48]
Dokumenty i materialy, opracowal Mgr Blumental, Lodz, 1946, vol. I, p. 211.
[49]
Central Commission for Investigation of German Crimes in Poland, German Crimes in Poland, Warsaw 1947, vol. II, p. 100.
[50]
Frankfurter Rundschau, 24 August 1950, p. 5
[51]
Frankfurter Rundschau, 22 August 1950, p. 4. According to the official historiography, the gas chambers at Sobibor didn't have cellars. (Le Chambres à gaz, secret d'Etat, op. cit., p. 144; NS-Vernichtungslager im Spiegel deutscher Stratprozesse, edited by Adalbert Rückerl, Munich, 1979, p. 163).
[52]
Michael Tregenza, Belzec Death Camp, The Wiener Library Bulletin, no. 41-42, 1977, p. 16-17.
[53]
Biuletyn Zydowskiego Instytutu Historycznego, Warsaw, January-June 1954, no. 9-10, p. 307.
[54]
Who knew of the Extermination? Kurt Gerstein's Story, The Wiener Library Bulletin, no. 9, 1955, p. 22.
[55]
Polish Fortnightly Review, 1 December 1942, p. 4.
[56]
Gerald Reitlinger, La Soluzione finale, op. cit. p. 172.
[57]
News is Reaching the Polish Government in London about the Liquidation of the Jewish Ghetto in Warsaw,: Foreign Office Papers, FO 371-30917-5365, p. 79 (see also The Black Book of Polish Jewry, New York 1943, p. 131. Report by Dr. I. Schwarzbart). According to Martin Gilbert, the report in question was written by the eyewitness Jan Karski and sent by him on 25 November 1942 to the Polish government-in-exile in London (M. Gilbert, Auschwitz und die Alliierten, Munich, 1982, p. 107-109). On the eyewitness testimony of Jan Karski, see below.
[58]
Foreign Office Papers, FO 371-30924-5365, p. 122.
[59]
The New York Times, 20 December 1942, p. 23.
[60]
A. Silberschein, Die Judenausrottung in Polen, Geneva, 1944, V, p. 21-22.
[61]
The New York Times, 12 February 1944, p. 6.
[62]
Stefan Szende, The Promise Hitler Kept, London, 1945, p. 265.
[63]
A. Silberschein, Die Judenausrottung in Polen, Geneva, August 1944, III, p. 42-43.
[64]
Deformation of the name Belzec, as may be seen from the context, where the other extermination camps, Treblinka and Sobibor, are mentioned. This deformation may be due to confusion with the small Polish town of Belzyce (very similar phonetically to Beldjitze) situated about 25 kms from Lublin, or perhaps to an error in translation from Polish to Russian, or from Russian to German.
[65]
IMT, vol. VII, p. 633-634.
[66]
Jan Karski, Story of a Secret State, Boston 1944. A similar story already had appeared- without referring precisely to Belzec -- in the report of 25 November 1942, [a] and, with reference to Belzec, in the report of the Polish government-in-exile in London, 10 December 1942 [b] and in a report received in London in December 1942. [c]

  1. Foreign Office papers, FO 371-30917-5365.
  2. Foreign Office papers, FO 371-30924-5365. Cf. The Black Book of Polish Jewry, op. cit.
  3. The Black Book of Polish Jewry, op. cit.
[67]
Biuletyn Glownej Komisji Badania Zbrodni Niemieckich w Polsce, Warsaw 1946, III, Oboz zaglady w Belzcu, p. 3145 (English translation: Central Commission for the Investigation of German Crimes in Poland. German Crimes in Poland, Warsaw 1947, vol. II, Belzec Extermination Camp, p. 89-96). M. Muszkat, Polish Charges against German War Criminals, Warsaw 1948, case no. 1372 (The Camp in Belzec), p. 223- 232.
[68]
Dokumenty i materialy, op. cit., vol. I, p. 217-224.
[69]
Rudolf Reder, Belzec, Cracow, 1946; Dokumenty i materialy, op cit. vol. I, p. 221-224 (testimony of Rudolf Reder).
[70]
Thus far we have summarized and combined chapters XI and XII of our work Il rapporto Gerstein: Anatomia di un falso (Sentinella d'Italia, Monfalcone, 1985). The testimony of Rudolf Reder is analyzed in chapter VIII.
[71]
Saul Friedländer, Kurt Gerstein ou l'ambiguïté du bien, Casterman 1967, p. 109.
[72]
Helmut Krausnick, Dokumentation zur Massenvergasung, Bonn 1956, p. 3. Olga Wormser-Migot [a] and André Brissaud [b] express a more reserved judgment on the veracity of the Gerstein report.

  1. Le Systéme concentrationnaire nazi 1933-1945, op. cit. p. 426.
  2. Hitler et l'ordre noir, Geneva 1974, p. 443, n. II.

In Chapter II La veridicità del rapporto Gerstein of our unpublished study Come si falsifica la storia: Georges Wellers e le 'camere a gaz' di Belzec, we enumerate 72 internal contradictions and ocurrences belied by history that put the truth of the Gerstein Report gravely in question.
[73]
Pierre Vidal-Naquet, Tesi sul revisionismo, Rivista di storia contemporanea, Turin, 1983, p. 7 et 8.
[74]
Idem, p. 6
[75]
Martin Gilbert, Auschwitz und die Alliierten, op. cit. p. 9.
[76]
The New York Times, 3 July 1944, p. 3 (Two Death Camps Places of Horror).
[77]
Executive Office of the President, War Refugee Board, Washington D.C., German Extermination Camps-Auschwitz and Birkenau, November 1944.
[78]
See our study Auschwitz: un caso di plagio, Edizioni La Sfinge, Parma 1986.
[79]
Executive Office of the President, War Refugee Board, op. cit. p. 14-16. The plan of the crematoria is on page 15. The citations are drawn from the translation. Les Camps d'extermination allemands: Auschwitz et Birkenau, Office français d'édition, Paris, 1945, p. 17-18.
[80]
Ibidem.
[81]
Ibidem.
[82]
Georges Wellers, Les Chambres à gaz ont existé, op. cit. p. 114-115. Georges Wellers, Auschwitz, Les Chambres à gaz, secret d'Etat, op. cit. p. 207-208 (plan of crematorium II on pages X-XI).
[83]
Eugen Kogon, Hermann Langbein, Adalbert Rückerl, Les Chambres à gaz, secret d'Etat, op. cit. p. 211.
[84]
IMT, vol.XX, p.550 et 551.
[85]
Georges Wellers, La Solution finale et la mythomanie néo-nazie, Paris, 1979, p. 8.
[86]
Martin Gilbert, Auschwitz und die Alliierten, op. cit. p. 153.
[87]
Ibidem. This statement does not appear in the English edition (Auschwitz and the Allies: The Politics of Rescue, Arrow, London, 1984, p. 130.)

[88]
Trial of Joseph Kramer and Forty-Four Others (The Belsen Trial), William Hodge and Company, London-Edinburgh-Glasgow, p. 67-68. For an in-depth examination of the false testimony of Ada Bimko, we refer you to our study Auschwitz: due false testimonianze, Edizioni La Sfinge, Parma, 1986.
[89]
Alberto Cavaliere, I campi delta morte in Germania net racconto di una sopravissuta, Milan, 1945, p. 40.
[90]
In the printed text of the judgment, only the first two letters of the family name of this witness are given.
[91]
Court of Assizes, in Frankfurt am Mains session of March 1949, C.F. Rüter, Justiz und NS-Verbrechen, Sammlung deutschen Strafurteile wegen nationalsozialistischer Tötungsverbrechen 1945-1966, Amsterdam 1968-1981, vol. XIII, p. 134.
[92]
IMT, vol. IV, p. 292.
[93]
Storia illustrata, special issue on the Nuremberg Trial. no. 156, November 1970, p. 78.
[94]
Louis de Jong, Die Niederlande und Auschwitz, VfZ, 17th year, booklet 1, January, 1969, p. 9.
[95]
Court of Assizes Frankfurt am Main, session of 28 March 1949, C.F. Rüter, op. cit. p. 133.
[96]
Reszö Kastner, Der Bericht des jüdischen Rettungslcomitee aus Budapest, Geneva, 1946, p. 30.
[97]
PS-2605.
[98]
Central Commission for Investigation of German Crimes in Poland. German Crimes in Poland, op. cit. vol. I, p. 83-90. For more details: Hefte von Auschwitz, Wydawnictwo Panstwowego Muzeum w Oswiecimiu, 6, 1962; 7, 1964.
[99]
Der Kastner-Bericht über Eichmanns Menschenhandel in Ungarn. Preface by Prof. Carlo Schmidt Munich 1961. The phrase which were out of use since autumn 1943 is omitted. In our study Wellers e i gasati di Auschwitz we have brought up a grave chronological contradiction in the Exterminationist historiography on the subject of the deportation of the Hungarian Jews. In fact, while that deportation, according to certain documents, had ended on the 8th [a] or on the 10th [b] July 1944, it is seen that the Chronicle of Events in the Auschwitz-Birkenau Concentration Camp [c] records the arrival of another 32 transports of Jews from Hungary between 15 July and 18 October 1944.

  1. Der Kastner Bericht uber Eichmanns Menschenhandel in Ungarn, op. cit., p. 136.
  2. NG-5573; NG-5615.
  3. Hefte von Auschwitz, 7, 8, 1964.
[100]
USSR-8.
[101]
NG-Gerald Reitlinger, La Soluzione finale, op. cit., p. 559.
[102]
USSR-8.
[103]
The cremation of a cadaver in the very modern ovens of the firm H.R Heinicke Combustion and Smokestack Construction, of Stadhagen, requires 60 minutes when the combustion chamber is already at a minimum temperature of 800 degrees centigrade (letter from the manufacturer to the author, 6 August 1987). The 46 ovens (muffles) of Birkenau could thus not have incinerated more than 1,104 cadavers in 24 hours.
[104]
The Court of Assizes Frankfurt am Main, session of 27 May 1955, C.F. Rüter, op. cit., vol. XIII. After 1923 hydrocyanic gas was used for disinfection in Germany only in the form of Zyklon B. (Court of Assizes in Frankfurt am Main session 28 March 1949, C.F. Rüter, op. cit., vol. XIII). Zyklon B is an absorption of hydrocyanic acid in an inert porous base (diatomaceous earth, e.g.) and is packaged in hermetically sealed tins. (NI-9098).
[105]
IMT, vol. VII, p. 470.
[106]
Central Commission for Investigation of German Crimes in Poland, German Crimes in Poland, vol. I, p. 88.
[107]
Jan Sehn, Le Camp de concentration d'Oswiecim-Brzezinka, Warsaw, 1957, p. 147-148.
[108]
Problèmes choisis de l'histoire du KL Auschwitz, State Museum at Auschwitz, 1979, p. 45.
[109]
Hefte von Auschwitz, Wydawnictwo Panstwowego Muzeum w Oswiecimiu, 4, 1961, p. 110.
[110]
Jan Sehn, Le Camp de concentration d'Oswiecim-Brzezinka, op. cit., p. 132.
[111]
Eugen Kogon, Der SS-Staat: Der System der deutschen Konzentrationslager, Munich, 1946, p. 133.
[112]
Georges Wellers, Les Chambres à gaz ont existé, op. cit. p. 129.
[113]
Trial of Joseph Kramer and Forty-Four Others (The Belsen Trial), op. cit. p. 67.
[114]
Poliakov & Wulf, Das Dritte Reich und die Juden, Berlin, Grunewald, 1955, p. 264 and 265.
[115]
IMT, vol. VI, p. 242.
[116]
Auschwitz vu par les SS, State Museum at Auschwitz, 1974, p. 128.
[117]
Idem, p. 195.
[118]
Léon Poliakov, Auschwitz, Julliard 1964, p. 166.
[119]
Central Commission for Investigation of German Crimes in Poland. German Crimes in Poland, op. cit. vol. I, p. 89.
[120]
Hefte von Auschwitz, Wydawnictwo Panstwowego Muzeum Oswiecimiu, 7, 1964; 8, 1964.
[121]
Executive Office of the President, War Refugee Board, op. cit. p. 14. Auschwitz et Birkenau, French Publications Office, op. cit. p. 17.
[122]
Léon Poliakov, Auschwitz, op. cit. p. 162.
[123]
Auschwitz: A Doctor's Eyewitness Account, by Dr. Miklós Nyiszli. Translated by Tibere Kremer and Richard Seaver. Fawcett Crest, New York, 1961, p. 48. In the original Hungarian text it is not several thousand people, but ötezer ember, (five thousand persons). (Dr. Nyiszli Miklós, Dr. Mengele boncolóorvosa voltam az auschwitz-i krematóriumban, Világ, Budapest, 1947, p. 38.)
[124]
Témoignages sur Auschwitz, Paris, 1946, p. 161.
[125]
NO-1210/D-749-a (see below). Rudolf Höss, Le Commandant d'Auschwitz parle, Paris 1979, p. 273.
[126]
NI-11953.
[127]
Auschwitz: A Doctor's Eyewitness Account, op. cit., pp. 44-45 (about 200 yards). The original Hungarian text says körülbelül kétszaz méter, (about 200 meters). (Dr. Mengele boncolóorvosa voltam az auschwitz-i krematóriumban, op. cit., p. 33.
[128]
Georges Wellers, Essai de détermination du nombre de morts au camp d'Auschwitz, Le Monde Juif, no. 112, October-December 1983, p. 138.
[129]
Erich Kulka, Auschwitz condoned, The Wiener Library Bulletin, no. I, 1968/69, vol. XXII, series 14, p. 3.
[130]
Hefte von Auschwitz, Wydawnictwo Panstwowego Muzeum w Oswiecimiu, 8, 1964, p. 66.
[131]
On this subject see: Heiner Lichtenstein, Warum Auschwitz nicht bombardiert wurde, Cologne, 1980.
[132]
These photos are more numerous and more interesting than those published in The Holocaust Revisited.
[133]
Executive Office of the President, War Refugee Board, op. cit. p. 36. Auschwitz et Birkenau, French Publications Office, op. cit. p. 34.
[134]
Dr. Miklos Nyiszli, Auschwitz: A Doctor's Eyewitness Account, op. cit., p. 68.
[135]
NI-11984.
[136]
Central Commission for Investigation of German Crimes in Poland. German Crimes in Poland, op. cit. vol. 1, p. 88-89.
[137]
Auschwitz vu par les SS, op. cit., p. 195. For an examination in depth of the eyewitness testimonies of Dr. S. Bendel, of Ada Bimko, and of Miklos Nyiszli, more extravagant and contradictory than they appear in this summary exposé, we refer back to our studies already mentioned: Auschwitz: due false testimonianze and Medico ad Auschwitz, La falsa testimonianza di Miklos Nyiszli (to be published).
[138]
Kommandant in Auschwitz: Autobiographische Aufzeichnungen des Rudolf Höss, edited by Martin Broszat, Munich, 1981, p. 149.

That Rudolf Höss had been given the third degree by his English interrogators in 1946 has been admitted, and proven in 1983 by Rupert Butler in his work Legions of Death (Hamlyn Paperbacks, 1983). Robert Faurisson shows the historic importance of that admission, of whose consequences Rupert Butler had no idea (How the British obtained the confession of Rudolf Höss, commandant of the Auschwitz camp.) (The Journal of Historical Review, Vol. 7, No.4.) For a detailed refutation of the eyewitness testimony of Rudolf Höss, refer to our study, Auschwitz: Le false confessioni di Rudolf Höss (Edizioni La Sfinge, Parma, 1987.)
[139]
Kommandant in Auschwitz, op. cit. p. 149, note 1.
[140]
PS-3868.
[141]
Gerald Reitlinger, La Soluzione finale, op. cit. p. 131-132.
[142]
Adalbert Rückerl, NS-Vernichtungslager im Spiegel deutscher Stratprozesse, op. cit., p. 133 and 200.
[143]
Central Commission for Investigation of German Crimes in Poland, German Crimes in Poland, op. cit. vol. I, p. 96.
[144]
Crematoria IV and II of Birkenau were finished on the 22nd and the 31st of March 1943, respectively. (Hefte von Auschwitz, Wydawnictwo Panstwowego Muzeum w Oswiecimiu, 4, 1961, p. 85 and 87).
[145]
Crematoria II and III had five triple ovens each (Hefte von Auschwitz, Wydawnictwo Panstwowego Muzeum w Oswiecimiu, 4, 1961, p. 110).
[146]
If they had been as efficent as those of the firm H.R. Reinicke (see note 78), the ovens of Birkenau crematoria II and III could not have burned more that 720 cadavers in 24 hours.
[147]
Crematoria V and III were finished April 4th and June 25th, 1943, respectively. (Hefte von Auschwitz, Wydawnictwo Panstwowego Muzeum w Oswiecimiu, 4, 1961, p. 88 and 109).
[148]
Crematoria IV and V each had one oven with eight mufflers (Hefte von Auschwitz, Wydawnictvio Panstwowego Muzeum w Oswiecimiu, 4, 1961, p. 110. See also: Problèmes choisis de l'histoire du KL Auschwitz, op. cit. p. 44).
[149]
PS-3868.
[150]
Kommandant in Auschwitz, op. cit. p. 167.
[151]
William L. Shirer, Storia del Terzo Reich, Turin 1969, p. 1476.
[152]
PS-3868 and NI-034.
[153]
It is said that a total of 405,222 detainees were registered at Auschwitz. (Problèmes choisis de l'histoire du KL Auschwitz, op. cit. p. 17).
[154]
See Part I, Section I (JHR, VoL 8, No. 2, Summer 1988).
[155]
Kommandant in Auschwitz, op. cit. p. 150.
[156]
Suzanne Labin, Staline le Terrible, Paris, 1948, p. 138.
[157]
Gerald Reitlinger, La Soluzione finale, op. cit. p. 617.
[158]
Freda Utley, Kostspielige Rache, Hamburg 1951, p. 215 and following. On the tortures inflicted on the accused in the Malmédy Trial, see also: La Vérité sur l'affaire de Malmédy et sur le colonel SS Jochen Peiper, Editions du Baucens, 1976; Dietrich Ziemssen, The Malmédy Trial, Institute for Historical Review, 1981.
[159]
IMT. vol. XIX, p. 440.
[160]
Note rassinieriane con appendice sulla persecuzione giudiziaria di R Faurisson, Alla Bottega, March-April 1983, p. 41.